Local anaesthetic

Why local anaesthetic is used

A local anaesthetic is used for many different types of minor operations (surgery) and procedures. For example, if you need to have a tooth removed.

You may have a local anaesthetic if:

• it’s safe for you to be awake (conscious) during the procedure
• it’s possible to numb the area that’s being treated with an injection, cream, gel, spray or ointment

Local anaesthetic is also sometimes used for pain relief after surgery, or to treat a painful condition.

Other types of anaesthetic

Other types of anaesthetic include:

• sedation – where you're awake (conscious) but drowsy and relaxed
• regional anaesthetic, such as an epidural – where a larger area of your body is numbed so you're awake but do not feel pain
• general anaesthetic – where you're asleep (unconscious)

What happens when you have a local anaesthetic

A local anaesthetic may be given as an injection, cream, gel, ointment or spray, depending on what it's being used for.

It works by stopping your nerves sending pain signals to your brain.

You'll usually have a warm, tingling feeling as the anaesthetic starts to work. When it's working, the area being treated should feel totally numb.

The doctor or dentist will make sure you have the right amount of anaesthetic before starting treatment, so you do not feel any pain.

They’ll also monitor you carefully during your treatment, although serious side effects from local anaesthetic are very rare.

Side effects of a local anaesthetic

Local anaesthetics are generally safe and serious side effects are very rare.

The doctor or dentist will explain any risks to you before the procedure. Let them know if you have any allergies to medicine or other substances.

Some of the possible side effects of a local anaesthetic include:

• some discomfort when the injection is given
• minor bruising, bleeding or soreness where the injection was given
• a tingling or burning sensation as the local anaesthetic wears off
• headaches, dizziness or blurred vision
• twitching muscles or shivering
• continuing numbness, weakness or pins and needles

Side effects usually get better within a few minutes or hours. You may need medicines to help with some side effects, such as any soreness.

More serious side effects, such as a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), are rare and usually happen within a few minutes. The doctor who gives you the anaesthetic will be trained to deal with allergic reactions and treat them immediately.

It's important to move carefully until the anaesthetic has fully worn off as you may not notice if you injure yourself. You should also get someone to drive you home after a local or regional anaesthetic. The doctor or dentist will usually advise you about this.